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Chapter 3: Process Concept

Created: 2025-12-16
Updated: 2025-12-16
  • program: passive entity (file on disk)
  • process: active entity (program in execution)
    • code section: text section
    • data section: global variables
    • stack: temporary data (function parameters, return addresses, local variables)
    • heap: dynamically allocated vars or classes
    • PC (program counter), registers contents
    • OS resources: open files, signals, etc.

OS-ch3-process-in-memory.png

  • thread -- lightweight process: basic unit of CPU utilization
    • all threads belong to the same process
    • share: code section, data section, OS resources
  • Process State
    • New: being created, initializing
    • Ready: in memory waiting to be assigned to CPU
    • Running: executing instructions

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